2.2 容器内安装程序运行环境

基础镜像 ubuntu:24.04 并没有安装 Python，但已经安装了 apt 命令。我们可以使用 apt 命令来安装 python3。

安装步骤如下：

1. 更新 apt 源列表

root@26371130cbef:/# apt update
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security InRelease [126 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble InRelease [256 kB]
Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/universe amd64 Packages [1108 kB]
... 此处内容省略
9 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
root@26371130cbef:/#

2. 安装 Python3

root@26371130cbef:/# apt install python3
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
... 此处内容省略

After this operation, 30.2 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y  # 此处输入 y 同意。

Unpacking libreadline8t64:amd64 (8.2-4build1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libsqlite3-0:amd64.
... 此处内容省略

Please select the geographic area in which you live. Subsequent configuration questions will narrow this down by presenting a list of cities, representing the time zones in which
they are located.

  1. Africa  2. America  3. Antarctica  4. Arctic  5. Asia  6. Atlantic  7. Australia  8. Europe  9. Indian  10. Pacific  11. Etc  12. Legacy
Geographic area: 5  # 此处输入 5 选择位于亚洲

Please select the city or region corresponding to your time zone.

  1. Aden      10. Bahrain     19. Chongqing  28. Harbin       37. Jerusalem    46. Kuala_Lumpur  55. Novokuznetsk  64. Qyzylorda      73. Tashkent     82. Ust-Nera
  2. Almaty    11. Baku        20. Colombo    29. Hebron       38. Kabul        47. Kuching       56. Novosibirsk   65. Riyadh         74. Tbilisi      83. Vientiane
  3. Amman     12. Bangkok     21. Damascus   30. Ho_Chi_Minh  39. Kamchatka    48. Kuwait        57. Omsk          66. Sakhalin       75. Tehran       84. Vladivostok
  4. Anadyr    13. Barnaul     22. Dhaka      31. Hong_Kong    40. Karachi      49. Macau         58. Oral          67. Samarkand      76. Tel_Aviv     85. Yakutsk
  5. Aqtau     14. Beirut      23. Dili       32. Hovd         41. Kashgar      50. Magadan       59. Phnom_Penh    68. Seoul          77. Thimphu      86. Yangon
  6. Aqtobe    15. Bishkek     24. Dubai      33. Irkutsk      42. Kathmandu    51. Makassar      60. Pontianak     69. Shanghai       78. Tokyo        87. Yekaterinburg
  7. Ashgabat  16. Brunei      25. Dushanbe   34. Istanbul     43. Khandyga     52. Manila        61. Pyongyang     70. Singapore      79. Tomsk        88. Yerevan
  8. Atyrau    17. Chita       26. Famagusta  35. Jakarta      44. Kolkata      53. Muscat        62. Qatar         71. Srednekolymsk  80. Ulaanbaatar
  9. Baghdad   18. Choibalsan  27. Gaza       36. Jayapura     45. Krasnoyarsk  54. Nicosia       63. Qostanay      72. Taipei         81. Urumqi
Time zone: 69  # 此处是选择时区。选择 69. Shanghai


Current default time zone: 'Asia/Shanghai'
Local time is now:      Sun Jun 22 01:16:47 CST 2025.
Universal Time is now:  Sat Jun 21 17:16:47 UTC 2025.
Run 'dpkg-reconfigure tzdata' if you wish to change it.

Setting up netbase (6.4) ...
... 此处内容省略
Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs...
0 added, 0 removed; done.
Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d...
done.
root@26371130cbef:/#

然后退出容器

root@26371130cbef:/# exit
exit
weimingze@mzstudio:~$

3. 解压缩网页内容到容器的 /root/ 文件夹下

在终端使用 docker cp 命令将 mywebsite.tar.gz 的内容解压缩到 容器的 /root/ 文件夹下。

weimingze@mzstudio:~$ cat mywebsite.tar.gz | sudo docker cp - my_ubuntu:/root/
[sudo] password for weimingze:
Successfully copied 0B to my_ubuntu:/root/

在容器内查看结果，然后退出容器。

root@26371130cbef:/# cd root/
root@26371130cbef:~# ls
mywebsite
root@26371130cbef:~# ls -l
total 4
drwxrwxrwx 2 501 dialout 4096 Jun 21 21:26 mywebsite
root@26371130cbef:~# cd mywebsite/
root@26371130cbef:~/mywebsite# ls -l
total 8
-rwxrwxrwx 1 501 dialout 309 Jun 21 21:25 index.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 501 dialout 293 Jun 21 21:26 second_page.html
root@26371130cbef:~/mywebsite# exit
exit
weimingze@mzstudio:~$

从上面可见 mywebsite 文件夹已经存在了。

至此，容器内部的文件系统准备完毕。